The Anthropic Economic Index provides novel data and analysis on how AI is integrated into real-world tasks, using anonymized conversations from Claude.ai. It reveals that AI usage is concentrated in software development and technical writing, with a lean towards augmenting human capabilities (57%) rather than automation (43%). AI is more prevalent in mid-to-high wage occupations, with limited use in both the lowest- and highest-paid roles. The index offers open data and invites input from economists and policy experts to address the coming transformation in the labor market.